India could soon become the second country in Asia to legalise same-sex marriage

India could soon become only the second nation in Asia to legalise gay marriage.

As the world’s fast-growing democracy, it is a hugely significant moment for LGBTQI+ campaigners.

Abhay Dange and Supriyo Chakraborty are one of 18 Indian couples leading the fight at the Supreme Court.

Abhay says culturally, the ability to marry is critical: “In this country, India, marriage is a very important thing. You know, we actually call it a marriage country because it’s not just an option. It’s a part of a life cycle.”

Surpiyo says it’s also about security: “There are LGBTQ people who fear for their lives because of family pressure. And I think all of those people as well, if same sex marriage becomes recognised, then they will have that legal protection.”

In the city of Pune, campaigners took to the streets for a rally get their voices heard. So many we spoke to talked about the desperate need for what they called “basic human rights”, such as adoption and the ability to buy a property together.

There was some surprise in legal and political circles that the petitioners managed to get their case heard in the Supreme Court in the first place.

The government opposes same-sex marriage, describing it as an “urban elitist concept” and insists parliament is the only institution that should be able to decide.

One hurdle that could prove very challenging for the petitioners, is the host of personal laws that may be affected by a change. India is a deeply religious country and the laws reflect that.

Dr Surendra Jain, General Secretary of the influential Hindu nationalist group Vishwa Hindu Parishad told me: “I think India is not the right place to allow gay marriages. There are lots of cultural, social and legal problems.

“Marriages are being governed by personal laws in India. Muslim personal law and Hindu law. Both laws do not permit marriage between same sex persons.”

The complications of unpicking more than 30 personal laws could prove lengthy, complicated and intensely divisive, especially given the government’s stance.

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And yet, India is believed to be home to the world’s largest LGBTQ+ community, according to Indian and international activists who use the globally recognised Kinsey scale to estimate that it numbers around 135 million people.

That’s around 10% of India’s population – though opponents of gay marriage refute these statistics.

Some activists I met told me they did feel India has come a long way in creating safer spaces for gay people, especially in big cities like Delhi and Mumbai.

But it is only a little over five years since India decriminalised homosexuality and it remains a largely conservative nation. Many told me in the vast rural areas, far fewer people feel accepted or protected.

The oral arguments in the Supreme Court were completed on 11 May. The court could issue its ruling at any time.